Category: Psychology

What Is Puerperal Psychosis

Adam Smith

http://www.mentalhealthcare.org.uk/puerperal_psychosis Puerperal psychosis • What is puerperal psychosis? • Who experiences this sort of psychosis? • What causes puerperal psychosis? • How is it treated? • Staying in hospital • Preparing for puerperal psychosis What is puerperal psychosis? Some women experience the symptoms of psychosis almost immediately after giving birth. An episode of psychosis following the birth of a baby is called puerperal psychosis. It is also called postpartum psychosis or postnatal psychosis. Puerperal psychosis is totally different from postnatal depression (though women who experience puerperal psychosis may feel depressed). Women normally start experiencing symptoms of puerperal psychosis between three and seven days after the birth, and it starts very suddenly. The risk of experiencing puerperal psychosis ends after about three months. The symptoms usually include insomnia, feeling agitated, restless and irritated, feeling depressed or unusually happy, and swinging rapidly between these states of mind. Women with puerperal psychosis may behave strangely, feel very confused, and experience fleeting hallucinations. They may worry excessively, and believe that something is wrong with their baby. They may avoid their baby and find it hard to bond with them. In severe cases, they may try to harm themselves, or try to harm their child. Back to top Who experiences this sort of psychosis? Women who currently have a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder may experience puerperal psychosis after the birth of their first child. For them, this is a relapse of the illness that is triggered by the delivery. Women who have been given a diagnosis of bipolar disorder of schizoaffective disorder in the past may also experience a relapse following birth. An episode of puerperal psychosis follows between 25 and 50 per cent of births to women who have bipolar or schizoaffective disorder. Women who experienced puerperal psychosis after the birth of their first child will almost inevitably experience it again following the birth of a second child, and after subsequent births. About one in every 1,000 women who have no history of mental ill health will develop puerperal psychosis. For some of these women, this represents the first episode of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder. Others will never experience an episode of psychosis again, or will only experience a relapse following the birth of a second child. If there is a family history of puerperal psychosis, the risk of developing it is higher: research has shown that women are more likely to experience puerperal psychosis if...

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Role Of Self-control Strength In The Relation Between Anxiety

Adam Smith

Emotion  © 2013 American Psychological Association 2013, Vol. 13, No. 4, 668–680  1528-3542/13/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0031921 . . Role of Self-Control Strength in the Relation Between Anxiety and Cognitive Performance . . Alex Bertrams, Chris Englert, and Oliver Dickhäuser University of Mannheim Roy F. Baumeister Florida State University . . In the present work, we examine the role of self-control resources within the relationship between anxiety and cognitive test performance. We argue that self-control is required for keeping attention away from anxiety-related worries, which would otherwise distract a person from performing on the test. In Study 1 (N = 67) and Study 2 (N = 96), we found that state anxiety was negatively related to performance of verbal learning and mental arithmetic if participants’ self-control resources were depleted, but it was unrelated if participants’ self-control was intact. In Study 3 (N = 99), the worry component of trait test anxiety was more strongly related to perceived distraction by worries while performing an arithmetic task for participants with depleted self-control resources than for nondepleted participants. Furthermore, distraction by worries showed to be responsible for suboptimal performance. The findings may help to clarify the anxiety–performance relationship and offer a novel approach for counteracting performance decrements associated with test anxiety. . Keywords: anxiety, performance, ego depletion, self-control, self-regulation . . . In many modern societies, taking cognitive tests is a powerful basis for success and failure in school and employment. Although these tests are designed and often interpreted as pure measures of knowledge and intelligence, performance can be affected by other factors, thereby perhaps unfairly depriving some individuals of rewards and opportunities. Mere awareness of the very real im- portance of testing can activate motivations and emotions that ironically can dilute the test’s accuracy at assessing cognitive ability. In particular, testing can cause worrying about doing well, and these worries can be sufficiently distracting that they impair performance (e.g., Deffenbacher, 1978; Eysenck, 1992; Sarason, 1988; Tobias, 1980; Wine, 1971). Anxiety in test situations has therefore come to be recognized as a pervasive contemporary problem (Spielberger & Vagg, 1995a; Zeidner, 1998). It is not surprising that the question of how to cope with test anxiety has been addressed by many researchers (e.g., Carver & Scheier, 1994; Folkman & Lazarus, 1985; Zeidner, 1996). It might seem obvious that worrying about performance would hamper problem solving and lower test scores. Yet, the evidence that anxiety impairs test taking is...

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Phytochemical Screening Of Citrus Nobilis

Adam Smith

Phytochemical Screening of Citrus nobilis (Dalanghita) peel Myra M. Ronquillo, A Requirement in partial fulfilment of the subject Chemistry of Natural Products. Institute of Graduate Studies, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija . Abstract . This experimental study was conducted to perform phytochemical screeningcitrus nobilis (dalanghita) peel.   This study made use of the experimental research design in an actual laboratory set-up. There were two phases in the experimental study. Phase 1 included the preparation of the plant sample and extraction using denatured alcohol, Phase 2 is the phytochemical screening to determine the presence of reducing sugars, anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides in the peel extract.   Findings showed that dalanghita (Citrus nobilis) peel extract contains reducing sugars, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. These substances can become excellent sources of therapeutic substances and as additive to cosmetic products. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were drawn: A follow up study should be conducted to quantify, isolate and identify the type of reducing sugars, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins present in the peel of dalanghita. tests on the presence of other compounds are highly recommended, to further explore the potential of dalanghita peel as a source of alternative drug and other industrial applications, pharmacological testing should be done, and other parts of dalanghita should be used for phytochemical screening and bioassays.    Key words: Citrus nobilis, Phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites . INTRODUCTION . Long before the development of methods in verifying active components in plants, the use of herbal medicine has been a practice among Filipinos. Without knowing exactly the science behind the claims, people of the rural areas rely mainly on herbolaryos or quack doctors for remedy. The trend has subsided with the rise of advanced technology, introduction of science-based medicine, the trust of the patients for their health concerns has shifted to the expertise of medical doctors. . Today, there is a paradigm shift on the use of alternative medicines, the reason being mainly on the side effects and high cost of medicines, let alone the development of resistance among pathogenic organisms. Secondary metabolites, though present in plants and animals in small amounts and for defense mechanisms, have received a great deal of attention in the medical world. Many drugs have been discovered through research into the physiological effects of chemicals found in plants. Some of these drugs...

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Overview Of The Disease

Adam Smith

I. OVERVIEW OF THE DISEASE Infection of a knee joint is a very serious medical condition. A septic (infected) knee is most often caused by bacteria (such as staph or strep), but in rare instances can be caused by other microorganisms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential in the native knee to avoid rapid destruction of the cartilage and bone in the knee. When diagnosed early, treatment is usually arthroscopic irrigation and debridement. However, an open debridement may be required. Despite early diagnosis and treatment, joint destruction may still occur. Late effects of joint infection (septic arthritis) may require treatment with joint replacement as long as there is no persistent infection remaining within the knee. While joint infection occasionally affects people with no known predisposing risk factors, it more commonly occurs when certain risk situations are present. Risks for the development of septic arthritis include diabetic patient, trauma such as injury or wound, bacteria/microorganism, drug use, alcoholism, kidney dialysis, malnutrition, advanced age, orthopaedic surgery . Signs and Symptoms of Septic Arthritis include bone pain, swelling and redness of the skin, fatigue, general discomfort or ill feeling and drainage of pus through the skin. . II. PATIENT’S PROFILE Name: Patient X Address: #52 2nd West Crame, Brgy. San Juan, San Juan City Date Admitted: May 31, 2011 Admitting Diagnosis: Septic knee, ankle, 1st MT right foot Principal Diagnosis: Septic knee, ankle, 1st MT right foot Chief Complaint: Swelling right knee, ankle and foot Principal Operation Procedure: Aspiration of knee, ankle, MT right foot III. PATIENT HISTORY History of Present Illness/Injury Patient X is a 8 year old boy who was admitted last May 31, 2011, 3 weeks prior to consultation, patient X hit his right big toe while playing football with (+) manipulation done 3 times and (+) swelling persisted with involvement/swelling of right ankle noted and (+) fever noted. Past Medical History   Vomited and treated Family Medical History   Uncle (father side): (+) Explore Laparotomy due to Acute Appendicitis with Generalized Peritonitis   Grandmother (mother side): (+) Hypertension with maintenance antihypertensive drugs   Grandmother (father side): (+) Diabetes Mellitus   Both parents: Deceased due to vehicular accident Socioenomic History   Patient X was on his 4th grade. Both parents are deceased due to vehicular accident, there were six in the family and he was the youngest, their auntie is the one who support their needs, work as a Brgy. Health Worker with the monthly income of...

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Overcome The Presumption Of Innocence In Their Favor And Created A Moral Certainty As To Their Guilt

Adam Smith

ARTICLE 246: PARRICIDE G.R. No. L-50905 September 23, 1982 THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. FRANCISCO JUMAWAN alias “KIKO”, CESARIO JUMAWAN alias “SARIO”, MANUEL JUMAWAN alias “OWEL” and PRESENTACION JUMAWAN-MAGNAYE alias “ESEN” accused-appellants. ABAD SANTOS, J.: On the basis of a written statement made by Vicente Recepeda on July 18, 1976, and an affidavit executed by Trinidad Alcantara on July 19, 1976, a complaint for murder was filed in the Municipal Court of Sariaya, Quezon, on July 19, 1976, by Station Commander Sisenando P. Alcantara, Jr. against Francisco Jumawan, Cesario Jumawan, Manuel Jumawan and Presentacion Jumawan for the death of Rodolfo Magnaye. The affidavit of Trinidad Alcantara clearly states that her son Rodolfo Magnaye was married to Presentacion Jumawan albeit they had been living separately from each other. (During the trial Presentacion admitted her marriage to Rodolfo. See t.s.n., pp. 811-812.) The Station Commander can perhaps be excused for not accusing Presentacion of parricide but when the case was elevated to the Court of First Instance of Quezon where it was docketed as Criminal Case No. 1408, the Provincial Fiscal perpetuated the mistake by filing an information for murder against all the accused. The information reads: The undersigned Provincial Fiscal accuses CESARIO JUMAWAN alias ‘Sario,’ MANUEL JUMAWAN alias ‘Owel’, FRANCISCO JUMAWAN alias ‘Kiko’ and PRESENTACION JUMAWAN alias ‘ESEN’, of the crime of murder, defined and punished under Article 248 of the Revised Penal Code, committed as follows: That on or about the 19th day of June 1976, in the Municipality of Sariaya, Province of Quezon, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, armed with a bolo (gulukan), conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping one another, with intent to kill and with evident premeditation and treachery, taking advantage of their superior strength, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously attack, assault and stab with the said bolo one Rodolfo Magnaye alias ‘Digo’, thereby inflicting upon the latter a stab wound on the chest, which directly caused his death. After a long trial and 1,211 pages of stenographic transcript, the trial court rendered the following judgment: Wherefore, the Court finds Cesario Jumawan, Presentacion Jumawan-Magnaye, Manuel Jumawan, and Francisco Jumawan guilty as principals beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Murder as defined and punished under Art. 248 of the Revised Penal Code and hereby sentences each of them to suffer a penalty of life...

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