Category: Geology

Will Lightning Strike A Third Time For Dr. Boen Tan?

Katty Smith

A Renowned Exploration Geologist Is Pursuing Another Major Uranium Deposit in Saskatchewan’s Athabasca Basin In late January, Cameco Corp’s director of advanced exploration tantalized the audience at Vancouver’s Minerals Exploration Roundup, discussing the geology, and especially the size, of his company’s Millennium uranium deposit. Drill indicated resources are estimated at 449,000 tonnes with a grade of 4.63 percent uranium oxide. Additional tonnage is inferred at the lesser grade of 1.81 percent, but still a respectable grade by anyone’s calculations (one percent of uranium oxide is reportedly comparable to about 50 grams of gold). Because of soaring spot uranium prices, this deposit’s gross value might someday conceivably exceed $2.4 billion. “The geological setting of the Key Lake Road shear zone is quite similar to the Millennium deposit,” Dr. Boen Tan told StockInterview. “The Key Lake Road shear zone is located within the same north-northeastern structural trend as the Millennium deposit.” Cameco’s (NYSE: CCJ) director of advanced exploration, Charles Roy, called the Millennium uranium deposit, “the most significant new basement discovery in more than 30 years.” News reports suggest the Millennium discovery could host a resource of 57 million pounds of uranium oxide. The Millennium deposit is located north of the former world-class Key Lake uranium mine and south of two of the world’s highest grade uranium deposits, McArthur River and Cigar Lake. So why is Dr. Tan evaluating a relatively early stage exploration project against one of the world’s most recent and highly lucrative uranium discoveries? Most junior companies exploring in Canada’s Athabasca Basin, or for that matter any junior natural resource company, are unduly sanguine about measuring their property’s exploration prospects in relation to a major, often recently discovered, world-class deposit. All too frequently such “closeology” (“we’re close to the big deposit so we can find an elephant, too) comparisons are deceptive and misleading. In many investment circles, it has become a cliché. However, when the comparison comes from a highly regarded exploration geologist, such as Boen Tan, one should pay attention. Especially when Dr. Tan talks about his geological insights regarding the greater Key Lake area. Dr. Tan was the Uranerz project geologist for uranium exploration at Key Lake in the early 1970s. His exploration work led to the discovery of the Gaertner deposit (1975) and the Deilmann deposit (1976) in the Key Lake area. According to a recent Northern Miner article, “It was not until the discovery of...

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How Tilling A Garden Causes More Problems Than Benefits

Katty Smith

Garden tilling, also called cultivating, is often done with a gas-powered rototiller that goes down perhaps 6 or so inches, but soil can be “tilled” with a tool such as a pitch fork, too. As you know, tilling a garden is when you turn the soil over so that some of the lower soil comes up and some of the upper soil goes down. It’s kind of like a food processor for your soil, just not as fast. You may think it is more necessary in organic gardening because we don’t use pesticides like the no-till farmers, but that isn’t the case. Garden tilling is an often-recommended practice, but this article tells you why you should stop the practice right now. Reasons For Garden Tilling The main reasons organic gardeners may till the soil are to: * Reduce weeds * Relieve compaction * Make the soil look fluffy and nice * Allow more air and water into the soil * Loosen and warm up the soil in spring for planting/seeding * Cause organic matter to break down faster and give more nutrients Does Tilling A Garden Accomplish The Above Goals? In the short term the above organic gardening goals are often satisfied, but right from the start, garden tilling can cause more problems than benefits. If there are plants in or near the garden, their vital surface roots are damaged, giving easy access for root-feeding organisms and decreasing water and nutrient uptake. But the main disadvantage is the effect on beneficial microorganisms and earthworms, both of which are absolutely essential to the health of your soil. Garden Tilling Problems Upon tilling a garden, the microbes that need oxygen are buried, killing many of them. The microbes that can’t live with too much oxygen are brought to the surface, killing many of them. Garden tilling causes the miles and miles of beneficial fungi to be sliced into pieces. Those fungi provided important nutrients to the plants, so that is no longer happening. Earthworms are also killed and their tunnels destroyed. All of these critters had taken a long time to find the perfect spot for them in the soil. They worked day and night to build themselves little homes and cities. It takes years for this to happen and garden tilling destroys that all very quickly. Does Garden Tilling Help In The Long Term? Tilling your organic garden when it is...

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Dysfunctional Environments: What is A Dysfunctional Environment?

Katty Smith

When it comes to describing a Dysfunctional Environment, it might help us to also look at what a functional environment might look like. Functional Environment A functional environment then; would be an area that is conducive to growth. Somewhere that not only supports and encourages an individual to be themselves, but also allows them to. Here, one can express who they are and feel safe doing so. Positive feelings and thoughts are also more likely to occur in this environment. Dysfunctional Environment The dysfunctional environment on the other hand would be somewhere that doesn’t allow for the above to happen. Where the individual doesn’t feel supported or acknowledged in anyway, let alone in a way that honours who they are. This might be an environment that forces one to constantly compromise their values and themselves. The word door mat comes to mind here; with boundaries being nonexistent in this environment. Feeling and thinking negatively is also something that might seem to just happen; coming on like a parasite, without reason or warning. Despair is also another common consequence from being in this type of environment. Conscious And Unconscious Environments With both of these examples we can see that one is an environment that could be classed as conscious and the other is an environment that is the complete opposite. By this I mean that the dysfunctional environment is an environment where behaviour and the effects of that behaviour go unnoticed. The people in the environment have little, to, no awareness of their actions or to the damage, which is being carried out physically, emotionally or mentally. Standing Up Perhaps if one were to comment or mention how they felt to the person or persons in the environment, they might be dismissed or ignored. This of course all depends on how dysfunctional the environment is. The Frog Metaphor This is a story that is helpful in explaining the insidious nature of the dysfunctional environment. It is about a frog that is put in a pan and is cooked so gradually that it doesn’t know or notice the difference in temperature. And after this slow rise, the frog dies. It was oblivious to what was happening and its imminent death. It became comfortable and numb to what it was experiencing. So How Does This Relate To Dysfunctional Environments? Within this environment one will notice at first that it is draining to them....

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Radiation Protection & Radiobiology Notes

Adam Smith

Radiation Protection & Radiobiology Notes Human Biology • Human Response To Ionizing Radiation • Early Effects of Radiation: When response occurs within minutes or days after exposure. • Late Effects of Radiation: When response is not observed for many months or years after exposure. • Effects of fetal irradiation: Death, malformation, malignancy, diminished growth. • Composition of Human Body • Cell Theory: 85% of the body is hydrogen and oxygen. •  • Hydrogen: 60% • Oxygen: 25.7% • Carbon: 10.7% • Nitrogen: 2.4% •  • Molecular Composition • Water: 80% – A simple molecule. • Protein: 15% – A macromolecule. • Fat: 2% – A macromolecule. • Other: 3% • Tissues and Organs: (The most radiosensitive cells in the human body are Lymphocytes & Spermatogonia. . Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology • Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau • 1) Older cells are more radioresistant. • 2) Younger cells are more radiosensitive. • How these principles apply to radiation safety: The fetus is more radiosensitive to radiation than a child or adult. • Biologic Factors Affecting Radiosensitivity • Age: Humans are most sensitive before birth. • Gender: Females are less radiosensitive than males. . Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology • Irradiation of Macromolecules: (p.450) Follows a Linear, Non-threshold dose/response relationship. • Radiation Effects on DNA: DNA is the most radiosensitive macromolecule. • 1) Cell death • 2) Malignant disease • 3) Genetic damage • Radiolysis of Water: Indirect Effect. Most prevalent in humans. • We are mostly water: 80% Water • The breakdown of water by radiation is harmful. • Breakdown products, called free radicals, cause DNA damage. • DNA damage can cause somatic and genetic outcomes. Direct and Indirect Effect • Direct Effect: Radiation hits DNA causing cell damage. • Indirect Effect: 2 Step process The principle action of radiation on humans is the Indirect Effect. • 1) Radiation breaks down water molecules. • 2) Break down products (free radicals) damage DNA. Single-Target, Single-Hit Model • Poisson Distribution: A statistical law. If 100 rain drops fell on 100 squares, 63% will be wet, 37% will be dry. Early Effects of Radiation • Acute Radiation Lethality: X-ray beams are not large or intense enough to cause radiation lethality. • Early Effects: See a radiation response within a few days. • Local Tissue Damage:Requires a higher dose to produce a response. Results in tissue atrophy. • Skin: Erythema– a sunburn-like redness. SED50 (Skin Erythema Dose to affect 50% of pop.) at 600 Rad. • Gonads: Ovaries & Testes are very sensitive to radiation. Permanent sterility at 500 Rad. Late Effects of Radiation • Local Tissue Effects • Skin: High doses of radiation causes discolored and weathered appearance of skin....

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Desertification and the Soil

HEART

Name Course Number Instructor’s Name Due Date Which choice have you selected?  _________ . Instructions Select one of the two choices below and address all the topics listed under your choice with information you will learn from the provided resource.  Above list the section you have chosen. . You MUST paraphrase all content. Paraphrasing means putting all ideas in your own words. Review these resources on paraphrasing before beginning this assignment. • CTU Writing Center: Paraphrasing: https://careered.libguides.com/wscb/paraphrase • Video: The right and wrong ways to paraphrase: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObGEcok06U . Choice 1: Desertification Visit the GreenFacts Initiative web-page on Desertification: https://www.greenfacts.org/en/desertification/index.htm#8 This webpage has 9 different sections discussing various aspects of Desertification. Using only this webpage, complete the following four activities putting your information directly in this document. 1. Read through all nine sections. 2. Select three sections, excluding sections 1 and 9, and summarize those sections in three separate paragraphs by paraphrasing the content. Include the title of the section you are summarizing above each paragraph. . Section Title:___________________________________________________ Section Summary: . Section Title:___________________________________________________ Section Summary: . . Section Title:___________________________________________________ Section Summary: . . 3. Summarize section 9, the conclusion, in one paragraph. . . . . 4. In one paragraph, discuss what you found most interesting in your chosen sections and how Desertification may impact your life. . . . . . Choice 2: Desertification and the Soil Watch this video, and address the following 4 topics. Each response must be at least one paragraph in length. http://www.geographyalltheway.com/myp/myp-biomes/desertification.htm . 1. Describe soil and its roles in agriculture. Address how long it takes for soil to form and the challenges of arid soil. . . 2. Describe how human activities cause desertification including desertification’s impacts on soil and the role of modern agriculture in causing Desertification. . . . . 2. Discuss who is impacted by desertification including which continents are impacted and the role of an increasing population. . . . . 3. Describe at least two approaches to reduce the problem of Desertification. . . . 4. Discuss what you found most interesting and how Desertification may impact your life. 2018 SCI201 U4 IP DesertificationWorksheet (1)...

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